最近产品经理提出了很多用户体验优化的需求，涉及到很多dom的操作。
小张：“老铁，本来开发Vue2项目操作dom挺简单的，现在开发vue3项目，突然感觉一头雾水！”
我：“没事，原理都差不多，查查资料应该没问题的！”
【资料图】
至此将Vue3中dom操作常见的几种方式总结一下！（学习视频分享：vue视频教程）
通过ref直接拿到dom引用
<template> <div> <div ref="sectionRef"></div> </div></template><script setup>import {ref} from "vue"const sectionRef = ref()</script>通过对div元素添加了ref属性，为了获取到这个元素，我们声明了一个与ref属性名称相同的变量sectionRef，然后我们通过 sectionRef.value 的形式即可获取该div元素。
适用场景
单一dom元素或者个数较少的场景
示例代码
<template> <div> <p>通过ref直接拿到dom</p> <div ref="sectionRef"></div> <button @click="higherAction">变高</button> </div></template><script setup>import {ref} from "vue"const sectionRef = ref()let height = 100;const higherAction = () => { height += 50; sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;}</script><style scoped>.demo1-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .ref-section { width: 200px; height: 100px; background-color: pink; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; } .btn { width: 200px; height: 50px; background-color: gray; color: #fff; margin-top: 100px; }}</style>通过父容器的ref遍历拿到dom引用
<template> <div> <div ref="listRef"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div></template><script setup>import { ref, reactive } from "vue"const listRef = ref()通过对父元素添加了ref属性，并声明了一个与ref属性名称相同的变量listRef，此时通过listRef.value会获得包含子元素的dom对象
此时可以通过listRef.value.children[index]的形式获取子元素dom
适用场景
通过v-for循环生成的固定数量元素的场景
示例代码
<template> <div> <p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p> <div ref="listRef"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div></template><script setup>import { ref, reactive } from "vue"const listRef = ref()const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]})const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : "20px"; height = Number(height.replace("px", "")); listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;}</script><style scoped>.demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } }}</style>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中
<template> <div> <div> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div></template><script setup>import { reactive } from "vue"const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any>})const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el);}</script>通过:ref循环调用setRefAction方法，该方法会默认接收一个el参数，这个参数就是我们需要获取的div元素
此时可以通过state.refList[index]的形式获取子元素dom
适用场景
通过v-for循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景
示例代码
<template> <div> <p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p> <div> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div></template><script setup>import { reactive } from "vue"const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any>})const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : "20px"; height = Number(height.replace("px", "")); state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; console.log(state.refList[index]);}const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el);}</script><style scoped>.demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } }}</style>通过子组件emit传递ref
<template> <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div></template><script setup>import {ref} from "vue";const props = defineProps({ item: Number})const emit = defineEmits(["cellTap"]);const cellRef = ref();const cellAction = () => { emit("cellTap", cellRef.value);}</script>通过对子组件添加了ref属性，并声明了一个与ref属性名称相同的变量cellRef，此时可以通过emit将cellRef.value作为一个dom引用传递出去
适用场景
多个页面都可能有操作组件dom的场景
示例代码
<template> <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div></template><script setup>import {ref} from "vue";const props = defineProps({ item: Number})const emit = defineEmits(["cellTap"]);const cellRef = ref();const cellAction = () => { emit("cellTap", cellRef.value);}</script><style scoped>.cell-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;}</style><template> <div> <p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p> <div> <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> </Cell> </div> </div></template><script setup>import { reactive } from "vue"import Cell from "@/components/Cell.vue"const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any>})const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => { let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : "20px"; height = Number(height.replace("px", "")); el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;}</script><style scoped>.demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; }}</style>【相关视频教程推荐：vuejs入门教程、web前端入门】
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